Ambo town is the ancient of historian place which is situated in central administrative zone of Oromia regional state in the West Shewa tip of the Ethiopian plateau at 8⁰59N latitude and 37⁰51 E longitude of 2101m above sea level. Geographically Ambo is located west shewa and zone of Oromia region west of Addis Ababa. Regarding to the climatic condition it is conductive for all activities which is Weynadega with mean annual temperature ranges between 9.3⁰c and 29.8⁰c whereas the mean annual rainfall range between 85.8ml and 428ml. The total population growth of Ambo town in 2007E.C was 48,171 of these population 23,537 were female and 24,634 were males. 7

Ambo is known for its mineral water, which is bottled outside of the town; it is reportedly the most popular brand in Ethiopia. Ambo is also the location of a research station of the Ethiopian institution of Agricultural research; initiated in 1977, this station hosts research in protecting major crops in Ethiopia.

A cross-sectional study design was used to assess on the factors that contribute for asthma disease in Ambo Town. This study was conducted from March to May in 2022. The research was conducted to Some Asthma patients of Ambo town. A questioner was distributed to 60 respondents living in ambo town of them only 30 respondents are found to have asthma. The data was collected from 17 respondents from school and 13 respondents from hospital who are patients.

Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to determine the sample size. The sample size for this study was 60 respondents of them 30 respondents was asthma patients ≥11 years old and the other 30 was excluded patient who do not have asthma. The sample size was determined using Yamane s (1967) formula (considering a confidence level of 95% and accepting the margin error of 5%).

The total number of Ambo town population was 48171. Applying the formul (Yamane s, 1967), the sample size for the Ambo town was 220. But the researcher was selected 60 respondents due to delimitation of time and budget.

Where: n = sample size; N = Population; e = Margin error (5%).

Data collection method was employed to the people in Addis ketema primary school and Ambo referral hospital asthma patients. The data was collected by using semi-structured questionnaire. During data collection the cause of Asthma and the impact was asked. The questionnaire was originally prepared with English and interpreted to Amharic language. Data collection was carried out for about 15 days. Data Analysis

In order to evaluate the reliability of information during the interview, informants are contacted at least two times for the same ideas to check the validity of the information recorded. If the ideas of the informants contradicted with the original information, it will be rejected since it is considered as unreliable. The collected data was analyzed by using statistical tool Microsoft Excel and the result was presented in the form of tables and figures summarizing them into percentage and frequency.

Table 1 indicate the Socio-demographic characteristics of the study respondents Out of 30 study respondents 13 (43%) were male and 17 (57%) female, the age group from 22-32 years were the most affected 16 (53%) and least affected were age group from 33-43 years 3 (10%), based on the occupation students were the most affected 16 (53%) and least affected was driver 1 (3%).

Table 2 indicate the risk factor that contribute for Cause of asthma According to respondents factors that contribute for the cause of asthma were air pollution 53%,cold air 17%, tobacco smoke 10%, dust mite 10%, other 10%.

Table 3 indicates symptoms of asthma experienced by the respondents. Out of 30 respondents 17 (53%) experienced cough or sneeze and 6 (20%) chest tightness. The least symptom experienced by the respondents was itching of nose and wheeze both are accounts 7%.

Table 4. Depicts the mechanisms the respondent removed solid waste. 67% respondent removes solid waste by discarding away from environment. 23% of the respondents remove their solid waste through accumulating and using it as fertilizer, 10% of respondents remove solid by burning.

Table 5 indicates the period of difficulties of asthma by respondents. As shown in the table, the asthmatic patients feel difficulties during the rainy season (50%) and 17% feel difficulty during warm season. 23% feel difficulty in the night and 10% in the morning.

Even though the most affected age group was (22-32) or 16 (67%) out of total respondents, the next most affected group was (11-21) which was seven (23%) out of total 30 respondents. Age group the least affected was (33-43) that was three (10%) but According to Peter, 2007 study estimation, asthma affects peoples of all age group even though it most often starts at childhood.

The most affected sex was female 17 (57%) and the least was male 13 (43%). In the case of the occupation of the respondents, 16 (53%) were student and the driver were the least affected (3%).comparatively opposite result was investigated by de Marco in 2000 and 2002, His result indicate Sex affects the development of asthma in a time development manner. Until age 13- years, the incidence and prevalence of asthma is greater among boys than among girls. Greater incidence of asthma among adolescent and young adult female and a greater proportion of male with remission of asthma.

When we see the risk factors for asthma (Table 2), air pollution accounts 16(53%), , dust mite 4 (13%), cold air 4 (13%), tobacco smoke 3 (10%) other 3 (10%) similarly Bourdin 2009 study indicate, Environmental pollution has been a key role in genesis of asthma.

The findings of this study has shown symptoms of asthma experienced by the respondents such as coughing and sneezing (57%), chest tightness (20%) shortness of breath (17%), and wheezing (3%) but some have itching nose (3%), similarly The finding of Global Initiative for Asthma, 2009 study indicate the symptoms of asthma are wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and coughing. In addition to these four symptoms, this study the respondents experienced additionally itching of nose as a symptom.

The method of removing domestic solid waste was through burning, discarding away from the environment and accumulating and using as fertilizers later. As shown in table (4) 3 (10%) remove wastes by burning, discard away from the environment 20 (67%) and 7 (23%) accumulate and use as fertilizers, reversely the recent stud's indicate the burning of waste is the main cause for respiratory disorder, this indicate the misunderstanding most of the respondent and they are used improper waste removing way of method.

According to this study the asthmatic patients feel difficulty of pain during the night 11 (36%) during rain nine (30%), in morning 8(27%) and only 2(7%) feel difficult during warm time. comparatively the estimation of the British Guide line, at 2009 indicate less frequent difficulties of asthma usually worsen at night and in early morning or in response to exercise or cold air.

1 In this study physiological impact was shown to be the significant that 15 (50%) respondents were affected physiologically whereas 9(30%) and 6 (20%) were affected economically and socially, respectively (figure 1) similar with the study of Jorge and Mazza, 2011, they estimate that in their study In addition to its health impact, asthma has other different impacts such as social, economic psychological impacts . Finally, the inexistence of significant associations between some socio-demographic or socioeconomic factors and OHIP can be attributed to the participants' small number included in the study.  Future studies on socioeconomic factors for quality of life including oral cavity are needed19.